How to Use Condition in PL/SQL Database Management System But not in SQL.

--Conditions--
DECLARE
   a number(2) := 10;
BEGIN
   a:= 10;
  -- check the boolean condition using if statement
   IF( a < 20 ) THEN
      -- if condition is true then print the following 
      dbms_output.put_line('a is less than 20 ' );
   END IF;
   dbms_output.put_line('value of a is : ' || a);
END;

select * from customers;

DECLARE
   c_id customers.id%type := 1;
   c_sal  customers.salary%type;
BEGIN
   SELECT  salary
   INTO  c_sal
   FROM customers
   WHERE id = c_id;
   IF (c_sal <= 2000) THEN
      UPDATE customers
      SET salary =  salary + 1000
         WHERE id = c_id;
      dbms_output.put_line ('Salary updated');
   END IF;
END;

DECLARE
   a number(3) := 100;
BEGIN
   -- check the boolean condition using if statement
   IF( a < 20 ) THEN
      -- if condition is true then print the following 
      dbms_output.put_line('a is less than 20 ' );
   ELSE
      dbms_output.put_line('a is not less than 20 ' );
   END IF;
   dbms_output.put_line('value of a is : ' || a);
END;

DECLARE
   a number(3) := 100;
BEGIN
   IF ( a = 10 ) THEN
      dbms_output.put_line('Value of a is 10' );
   ELSIF ( a = 20 ) THEN
      dbms_output.put_line('Value of a is 20' );
   ELSIF ( a = 30 ) THEN
      dbms_output.put_line('Value of a is 30' );
   ELSE
       dbms_output.put_line('None of the values is matching');
   END IF;
   dbms_output.put_line('Exact value of a is: '|| a );
END;

DECLARE
   grade char(1) := 'A';
BEGIN
   CASE grade
      when 'A' then dbms_output.put_line('Excellent');
      when 'B' then dbms_output.put_line('Very good');
      when 'C' then dbms_output.put_line('Well done');
      when 'D' then dbms_output.put_line('You passed');
      when 'F' then dbms_output.put_line('Better try again');
      else dbms_output.put_line('No such grade');
   END CASE;
END;

DECLARE
   grade char(1) := 'B';
BEGIN
   case
      when grade = 'A' then dbms_output.put_line('Excellent');
      when grade = 'B' then dbms_output.put_line('Very good');
      when grade = 'C' then dbms_output.put_line('Well done');
      when grade = 'D' then dbms_output.put_line('You passed');
      when grade = 'F' then dbms_output.put_line('Better try again');
      else dbms_output.put_line('No such grade');
   end case;
END;

--Nested if demo
DECLARE
   a number(3) := 100;
   b number(3) := 200;
BEGIN
   -- check the boolean condition
   IF( a = 100 ) THEN
   -- if condition is true then check the following
      IF( b = 200 ) THEN
      -- if condition is true then print the following
         dbms_output.put_line('Value of a is 100 and b is 200' );
      END IF;
   END IF;
   dbms_output.put_line('Exact value of a is : ' || a );
   dbms_output.put_line('Exact value of b is : ' || b );
END;